Tag: Warren Buffett

Categories
Commentary Special Report Warren Buffett

Berkshire Hathaway’s Biggest Question

(BRK.A), (BRK.B)




Who will succeed Warren Buffett, who turns 85 in August, as the head of Berkshire Hathaway? This would seem to be the biggest question hanging over the shareholders of the massive conglomerate. Will it be Greg Abel, the head of Berkshire Hathaway Energy, or Ajit Jain, who heads up Berkshire’s reinsurance business? Both are frontrunners, especially since Vice-chairman Charlie Munger, who is himself 91 this year, specifically dropped their names in his shareholder letter included in the 2014 Berkshire Hathaway annual report. Yet while people speculate on Buffett’s successor, I would suggest there’s a far more important question. After all, CEOs come and go, and whoever follows Buffett and Munger will eventually be succeeded by others.

So, the biggest question is not who will succeed Buffett; it’s how will they be compensated. In other words, how will they participate in the growth of the company as compared to how has Buffett participated?

Can a unique situation be replicated?

Berkshire Hathaway may be unique in the sheer number of companies that operate under its umbrella. It’s not only a conglomerate; it’s a conglomerate of conglomerates. For example, Berkshire’s Marmon Group has 160 independent manufacturing and service businesses, and Berkshire’s Scott Fetzer Group oversees 21 diverse companies. But even this is not what is most unique about Berkshire. What’s most unique is that Warren Buffett is participating first and foremost just as you do, as a shareholder.

The most underpaid CEO in the Fortune 500

For a man overseeing a conglomerate with a market value of roughly $347 billion, you would think that Buffett receives sky high compensation, especially since that conglomerate’s share value has risen 1,826,163% (yes, that’s not a misprint) from 1966 to 2014. However, Buffett (and Charlie Munger) have annual salaries of only $100,000. What’s more, there are no stock options and no bonuses. Buffett and Munger’s rock bottom salaries mean that they are participating in Berkshire just like you are, as long-term shareholders that care more about increasing the underlying intrinsic value of the company than any short-term trick to boost the stock price.

Think that doesn’t matter?

“The more CEOs are paid, the worse the firm does over the next three years, as far as stock performance and even accounting performance,” notes Michael Cooper of the University of Utah’s David Eccles School of Business. Prof. Cooper co-authored a paper that proved just that.

Just look at David Zaslav, CEO of pay-TV channel Discovery Communications. Zaslav had a total compensation package of $156.1 million in 2014, yet the same year the stock lost a quarter of its value, even as the broader market boomed. The shareholders felt the pain, while Zaslav got the gain. That’s not exactly participating on the same basis.

At the 2015 Berkshire annual meeting, Buffett acknowledged that when CEO incentives get out of line with a company’s goals bad things can happen.

“Charlie and I believe in incentives, Buffett said. “But we have seen decent people get into trouble with incentives. The CEO promises a certain number, and his executives don’t want to make the CEO look bad. Egos get involved. You have to be careful in the messages you send as CEO. If you don’t want to disappoint Wall Street, your managers will react.”

A Hedge without the 2 and 20

Hedge fund managers built their fortunes on the 2% annual management fee and a 20% of the profits, but that’s not necessarily the same for the hedge fund’s investors, who don’t get that management fee to cushion any tumble in profits. Remember in 2008 when Buffett bet hedge fund manager Ted Seides that a low-priced index fund tracking the S&P 500 would beat the average of any 5 hedge funds over a 10-year period that Seides picked? Well, the “Million-Dollar Bet” is looking more and more like a sure bet for Buffett, because he knew the high friction costs would hurt the hedge funds’ returns.

In fact, Berkshire’s a conglomerate that operates as hedge fund without the management fee structure. Like a hedge fund, it can buy 100% of a company (unlike a mutual fund), it uses derivatives to increase its leverage and hedge its risk, and because its leadership is in lock step with its investors, all that benefit goes right to each shareholder.

Whose side will they be on?

In 2011, David Sokol, who once looked like the heir apparent to Buffett, abruptly resigned after it turned out that he had accumulated over 96,000 shares of Lubrizol before bringing the company to Buffett’s attention as a potential acquisition. Buffett later called Sokol’s actions “inexplicable” and “inexcusable,” and while the SEC dropped its probe, the Sokol fiasco showed that’s it’s not automatic that Berkshire’s leadership will align with its shareholders interests.

Or, as Charlie Munger has said, “Trustworthiness is more important than brains.”

Berkshire’s Future Leadership

Berkshire’s future generations of leadership may be great stock pickers, able to build portfolios that equal the $100 billion portfolio that Buffett built. They may be great capital allocators like Buffett, able to use the profits from one company to by other companies with even greater growth potential. They might even be as savvy opportunists, unleashing Berkshire’s mountains of cash just when others credit has dried up. However, the big question is whether they do it on the same basis as Buffett and Munger, on behalf of all the shareholders.

© 2015 David Mazor

Disclosure: David Mazor is a freelance writer focusing on Berkshire Hathaway. The author is long in Berkshire Hathaway, and this article is not a recommendation on whether to buy or sell the stock. The information contained in this article should not be construed as personalized or individualized investment advice. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

Categories
BNSF Warren Buffett

Warren Buffett’s Scolding of BNSF Brings Results

(BRK.A), (BRK.B)

“Praise by name and criticize by category,” Warren Buffett is famed for saying, and it was the rare exception when Buffett called out BNSF Railway for its delivery delays over the past year.

“BNSF disappointed many of its customers,” Buffett wrote in his annual letter to shareholders.

BNSF didn’t just disappoint customers, in some cases it lost them to rivals such as Union Pacific, as record crop numbers put the agricultural needs of Midwest farmers on a collision course with crude producers in the Bakken formation.

It’s no small matter, as last year BNSF moved nearly 1 million carloads of grain and other agricultural products.

With the latest over all year-to-date carload numbers showing a very positive 4.39-percent increase, BNSF has clearly taken Buffett’s marching orders seriously. The railroad’s $5.5 billion in infrastructure investments that it made in 2014 has started to pay off. The improvements included $400 million of track improvements in North Dakota alone.

Improvements By the Numbers

It’s in the grain carloads where there is particularly good news. Year-to-date carloads rose 14.8-percent to 191,060 from 166,425 in the 2nd quarter of 2014.

Last week, the news continues to improve, and there were only 144 outstanding grain carloads from May 9-12 in North Dakota versus 7,200 outstanding grain cars during the same period last year.

“We have substantially better AG shuttle turns per month as compared to last year,” a BNSF official told me at the Berkshire Hathaway annual meeting. “Last year we were below 2 turns per month, and now we are over 2.5 turns per month.”

BNSF is continuing to improve its operations, committing a record $6 billion to its Capital Plan for 2015. The amount is the most ever spent by a railroad in a given year.

© 2015 David Mazor

Disclosure: David Mazor is a freelance writer focusing on Berkshire Hathaway. The author is long in Berkshire Hathaway, and this article is not a recommendation on whether to buy or sell the stock. The information contained in this article should not be construed as personalized or individualized investment advice. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

Categories
Charlie Munger Warren Buffett

No Threat of Activist Investors Attacking Berkshire

(BRK.A), (BRK.B)

Activist investors have been giving companies a hard time lately, accumulating large blocks of stock as a way of forcing their way onto corporate boards, and often forcing companies to “raise shareholder value” through spin-offs and special dividends as their price to go away. Just this week, DuPont defeated activist investor Nelson Peltz, and his Trian Fund Management, L.P.

Some consultants even advise corporations to settle with activist investors early, rather than trying to fight them.

Is Berkshire Hathaway vulnerable to what used to be called “greenmail”?

Not according to Warren Buffett and Charlie Munger. They both scoffed at the idea while answering questions at the Berkshire Hathaway annual meeting on May 2, 2015.

As Buffett sees it, at a valuation of over a third of a trillion dollars, Berkshire is too big to be threatened by activist investors.

“The market value of Berkshire is going to be so great that, even if all the activists got together, they couldn’t do much about it,” Buffett explained. He added that he would invite them in, as their attempts to attack Berkshire would merely drive up the stock price.

“We should be a place where people dump their activists, because there not going to get anywhere,” Buffett said wryly.

While activist investors bill themselves as needed financial warriors that shake up hidebound companies to unlock value for all shareholders, Charlie Munger wasn’t having any of it.

“I don’t think it’s a great age, this age of activism,” Munger said. “It’s hard for me to think of many activists I want to marry into the family.”

© 2015 David Mazor

Disclosure: David Mazor is a freelance writer focusing on Berkshire Hathaway. The author is long in Berkshire Hathaway, and this article is not a recommendation on whether to buy or sell the stock. The information contained in this article should not be construed as personalized or individualized investment advice. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

Categories
Acquisitions Warren Buffett

Warren Buffett High on Germany

(BRK.A), (BRK.B)

Warren Buffett’s admiration for the German economy was on full display at the Berkshire Hathaway annual meeting on May 2, 2015.

This past February, Berkshire Hathaway struck a deal to acquire Devlet Louis Motorradvertriebs, a mail-order and retail chain selling motorbike clothing, helmets, leisurewear, add-on parts, and spare parts. The acquisition price was just over 400 million euros. The Hamburg, German-based retailer has 1,600 staff in their Europe-wide mail order business and at 70 retail stores in Germany and Austria.

Buffett likes Germany for a Variety of Reasons

“Germany is a terrific market, lots of people, lots of buying power, productive, it’s got a legal system we feel very good with, it’s got a regulatory system we feel very good with, it’s got people we feel very good with—and customers,” Warren Buffett explained back in February in an interview in German newspaper Handelsblatt.

The Three Ps

Buffett likes Germany because it has lots of people, they are productive, and they have lots of purchasing power.

While there was nothing formal to announce at the annual meeting, Buffett was emphatic that German companies are on Berkshire’s radar.

“I would be very surprised if we do not acquire at least one more company in Germany in the next 5 years,” he said, emphasizing that the euro’s recent plunge against the dollar makes European companies all the more attractive. “We’re far more on the radar screen than we were five years ago.”

© 2015 David Mazor

Disclosure: David Mazor is a freelance writer focusing on Berkshire Hathaway. The author is long in Berkshire Hathaway, and this article is not a recommendation on whether to buy or sell the stock. The information contained in this article should not be construed as personalized or individualized investment advice. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

Categories
Warren Buffett

Warren Buffett’s Advice for Chinese Investors

(BRK.A), (BRK.B)

With Chinese stocks having soared in recent years, often fueled more by rumor than earnings, the question of whether value investing has any place in such an environment is a natural one to ask.

In Comes Warren Buffett With His Answer

“Investment principles do not stop at borders,” Buffett told a Chinese investor, who had made the pilgrimage from mainland China to Omaha, Nebraska, for the Berkshire annual meeting.

Buffett, who has put Berkshire Hathaway directly into Chinese equities as a minority owner in BYD Co Ltd, a Chinese manufacturer of automobiles and rechargeable batteries, also has a growing presence in China through Berkshire’s global companies.

Quick-service-restaurant franchisor Dairy Queen International has 600+ franchises in China, and ISCAR, a global manufacturer of precision carbide metalworking tools, maintains eight branch offices in provinces throughout the country, to name just two examples.

Still, speculative fever often appears to leave value investors, who focus on a company’s fundamentals, shaking their heads in disgust.

What should be remembered is that all speculative bubbles eventually burst, leaving all the stocks that are more hot air than substance to evaporate.

The recent tightening of the margin lending requirements in Chinese stock markets are just the first steps that could turn gamblers into paupers.

As economist John Kenneth Galbraith chronicled in The Great Crash 1929.

“That afternoon and evening thousands of speculators decided to get out while – as they mistakenly supposed – the getting was good. Other thousands were told they had no choice but to get out unless they posted more collateral, for as the day’s business came to an end an unprecedented volume of margin calls went out.”

That’s Not Buffett’s Only Advice

Or, as Buffett also has been known to say, “Only when the tide goes out do you discover who’s been swimming naked.”

© 2015 David Mazor

Disclosure: David Mazor is a freelance writer focusing on Berkshire Hathaway. The author is long in Berkshire Hathaway, and this article is not a recommendation on whether to buy or sell the stock. The information contained in this article should not be construed as personalized or individualized investment advice. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

Categories
Buffett Successors Todd Combs and Ted Weschler Warren Buffett

Are Ajit Jain and Greg Abel the Successors to Warren Buffett and Charlie Munger?

(BRK.A), (BRK.B)

Despite Warren Buffett being a spry age 84, and Charlie Munger a youthful 91, the question of the successor or successors that will lead Berkshire Hathaway continues to be on analysts’ and commentators’ minds.

“Both the board and I believe we now have the right person to succeed me as CEO — a successor ready to assume the job the day after I die or step down,” Buffett has said.

Now, in his letter published in the 2014 Annual Report, Charlie Munger seems to hint that Ajit Jain or Greg Abel could be in line to provide the leadership that will carry Berkshire forward.

“For instance, Ajit Jain and Greg Abel are proven performers who would probably be under-described as “world-class.” “World-leading” would be the description I would choose. In some important ways, each is a better business executive than Buffett.

And I believe neither Jain nor Abel would (1) leave Berkshire, no matter what someone else offered or (2) desire much change in the Berkshire system.”

While neither Buffett nor Munger has officially revealed the next leader or leaders of Berkshire Hathaway, both Jain and Abel would seem to fit the bill.

First, they would be promoted from inside the company, and thus are steeped in Berkshire’s unique corporate culture.

Secondly, they are both young enough to have long reigns at a company that certainly has no interest in a mandatory retirement age, and each of them would bring essential skill sets to the job.

Both have played important leadership roles heading two of Berkshire’s largest units.

Ajit Jain, as the man who has built Berkshire’s insurance and reinsurance empire, is better equipped than almost anyone in the world to take on the important task of making sure Berkshire’s insurance companies don’t try to grow by taking on undue risk.

Greg Abel, as the head of Berkshire Hathaway Energy, certainly knows about capital allocation. Under his leadership, BHE has grown into one of the world’s largest energy providers and a leader in renewable energy generation. He also sits on the Board of Heinz, and BHE includes Berkshire Hathaway Home Services, Berkshire’s rapidly expanding real estate sales unit. Both of these companies give him additional insight into consumer markets.

As for their ages, Jain is age 63, and Abel is only 52, so they hopefully would have many years to put their stamps on Berkshire.

So which one is it?

Why not both of them?

Well, while Buffett spoke in the singular, he has already stated that his replacement would probably see his various roles filled by several people.

The job of managing Berkshire’s $125 billion and growing stock portfolio will almost certainly fall to Ted Weschler and Todd Combs, who Buffett has been grooming by giving each a multi-billion dollar stock portfolio to manage.

Together, Jain and Abel would also be sounding boards and counter balances for each other in much the same way that Buffett has used Munger.

While Warren Buffett rightly gets the lion’s share of credit for Berkshire’s phenomenal growth, Charlie Munger’s sage advice has often been overlooked by the press.

It certainly hasn’t been overlooked by Buffett.

While the latest buzz comes from Munger, Buffett has repeatedly praised both Jain and Abel.

On Jain, Buffett said “It is impossible to overstate how valuable Ajit [Jain] is to Berkshire. Don’t worry about my health; worry about his.”

On Abel, Buffett has highlighted the impact that he and Mathew Rose (CEO of BNSF) have had on Berkshire, stating “I am also both proud and grateful for what they have accomplished for Berkshire shareholders.”

So, if Ajit Jain and Greg Abel are indeed the future leaders of Berkshire, shareholders can look forward to continued smart and capable leadership.

And we shouldn’t forget BNSF’s executive chairman Mathew Rose, who is only in his mid-fifties. He is certainly a prime contender as well.

© 2015 David Mazor

Disclosure: David Mazor is a freelance writer focusing on Berkshire Hathaway. The author is long in Berkshire Hathaway, and this article is not a recommendation on whether to buy or sell the stock. The information contained in this article should not be construed as personalized or individualized investment advice. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

Categories
Acquisitions Warren Buffett

Berkshire Opens Door to Europe with Acquisition of Devlet Louis Motorradvertriebs

(BRK.A), (BRK.B)

“Capital travels,” notes Warren Buffet, and Buffett’s recent comments that he was looking towards Europe for acquisitions has turned into reality with the purchase of Devlet Louis Motorradvertriebs, a mail-order and retail chain selling motorbike clothing, helmets, leisurewear, add-on parts, and spare parts.

The acquisition price was just over 400 million euros, according to the Financial Times.

The Hamburg, German-based retailer has 1,600 staff in their Europe-wide mail order business and at 70 retail stores in Germany and Austria. Its online business reaches 25 countries.

Annual revenues are 270 million euros ($308 million).

The deal was done directly with Ute Louis, the widow of company founder Detlev Louis, who sold all her shares to Berkshire.

Like many of Berkshire’s acquisitions, such as carbide metalworking tool manufacturer ISCAR, Berkshire was approached directly by Detlev Louis Motorradvertriebs with the acquisition proposal. Berkshire is an attractive option for owners to cash out without their companies being sold off piecemeal.

High Customer Satisfaction

Devlet Louis Motorradvertriebs has drawn praise for its high customer satisfaction. The readers of Europe’s biggest motorbike magazine, Motorrad, have voted them “Best Brand” in the retail chain category for nine straight years.

Room for Growth

Motorcycles are a very popular form of transportation throughout Europe with 33 million PTWs (Powered Two Wheelers) registered in the 27 EU member states, according to the U.S. Department of Commerce. They project that the number of two-wheeled vehicles will increase to 37 million by 2020.

“Germany is a terrific market, lots of people, lots of buying power, productive, it’s got a legal system we feel very good with, it’s got a regulatory system we feel very good with, it’s got people we feel very good with—and customers,” Warren Buffett explained in an interview in German newspaper Handelsblatt.

Buffett characterized the acquisition as a “door-opener,” and noted that while the 400 million euros size of the acquisition was smaller than Berkshire usually looks for (except for bolt-on acquisitions), this certainly serves notice on European companies that Berkshire has its eye on Europe as it hunts for ways to invest its over $30 billion in cash.

(This article has been updated from when it was first published.)

© 2015 David Mazor

Disclosure: David Mazor is a freelance writer focusing on Berkshire Hathaway. The author is long in Berkshire Hathaway, and this article is not a recommendation on whether to buy or sell the stock. The information contained in this article should not be construed as personalized or individualized investment advice. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.

Categories
Warren Buffett

Berkshire Hathaway Saves Billions With Capital Gains Tax Strategy

(BRK.A), (BRK.B)

Investing in Berkshire Hathaway is often compared to investing in a mutual fund. Yes, Berkshire’s ownership of GEICO, BNSF, McLane, Lubrizol, Berkshire Hathaway Energy, Dairy Queen, Fruit of the Loom, and a host of other companies certainly give it a lot of diversification. Its ownership of the Marmon Group, which alone encompasses 160 separate companies, means that people almost on a daily basis come in contact with Berkshire’s products, often without knowing it.

However, there is an interesting difference between Berkshire Hathaway and a mutual fund, which directly impacts its shareholders. The difference is Berkshire’s ability to avoid capital gains taxes through asset acquisitions.

Berkshire Hathaway, unlike a mutual fund, is all about the buying and owning of whole companies. And while a mutual fund can own a portion of a company, its later sale of appreciated shares in that company generates a capital gain that is passed through to the mutual fund’s shareholders.

It is in this area that Berkshire has demonstrated a key advantage. In 2014 alone, Berkshire avoided capital gain taxes on $2.357 billion of appreciated stock by swapping its shares of appreciated stock for business units to add to its conglomerate.

Berkshire’s acquisition of Graham Holding’s WPLG-TV, Phillips 66’s pipeline-services business, and Procter & Gamble’s Duracell battery unit all enabled it to cash in billions of dollars of appreciated stock without capital gains taxes.

There’s More to the Story

While these acquisitions added new units to Berkshire’s portfolio, they also served as a conduit for bringing in cash tax free, because the companies that were acquired had sizable cash positions on their books.

In the case of Duracell, Berkshire’s $4.7 billion stake in Procter & Gamble came from an original investment in Gillette of only $600 million. In cashing out its position, Berkshire not only gets control of Duracell, but Duracell has been recapitalized by P&G with $1.7 billion in cash. This equivalent of leaving a very large bag of cash in the desk drawer in Duracell’s president’s office, allows Berkshire a transfer of cash that is three times its original investment in Gillette, and the entire $4.7 billion transaction incurs no capital gains taxes.

Similarly, the acquisition of Phillips Specialty Products Inc. from Phillips 66 included approximately $450 million in cash. Berkshire’s acquisition of WPLG-TV, which was part of the unwinding of Berkshire’s position as a shareholder in the Washington Post, also brought to the company roughly $328 million in cash and $444 million Berkshire shares that had been owned by Graham Holdings. In this case, Berkshire avoided substantial capital gains that would have been owed on its original $11 million investment in the Washington Post.

Over the years, Warren Buffett has been shrewd in getting into stock positions that have generated amazing appreciation. Berkshire’s $16 billion stake in Coca Cola, on a cost basis of only $1.29 billion, is just one example. And it should be recognized that his ability to liquidate positions without capital gains consequences has been equally shrewd.

So, the next time you are looking at your end-of-year mutual fund statement and wondering why you have to pay capital gains, even though you didn’t redeem any shares, just think of the tax free acquisitions that have saved Berkshire’s shareholders billions.

© 2015 David Mazor

Disclosure: David Mazor is a freelance writer focusing on Berkshire Hathaway. The author is long in Berkshire Hathaway, and this article is not a recommendation on whether to buy or sell the stock. The information contained in this article should not be construed as personalized or individualized investment advice. Past performance is no guarantee of future results.